Rockchip

Hi folks! Some problems later I just build my ethereum-node using the FriendlyARM NanoPC T4 (Reddit project Ethereum on NanoPC T4). Using it indoor the temperature climbs to 80° celsius with the passive cpu-heatspreader. So I decided to install a fan and found the specs for the 'Cooling Fan interface'. The connector is named BM03B-GHS-TBT. Where can I buy a fan (40x40mm)? I only find fans with 3-pole-molex-adapter. All I know is the name of the male connector (in german): "JST Buchsengehäuse-Kabel GH Polzahl Gesamt 3 Rastermaß: 1.25 mm GHR-03V-S".

I tried the "Armbian_22.11.1_Rock-5b_bullseye_legacy_5.10.72.img.xz" image on my Rock 5B. It worked on an SD card, but when I loaded it on an NVME drive on the build in M.2 slot, it worked with neither the SPI Boot image with armbian-install.sh, nor the SPI image from radxa. When I have SPI loaded, and I have the SD Card installed, it just seems to load from the SD Card. When I remove the SD card, and boot the system. It seems to just stay with the LED with the blue and green elements on. I've waited several minutes without it booting. I was able to get it to successfully boot once, but never again.

Hey guys, I figured it was time to ask again... Does doing an `apt full-upgrade` from Buster to Bullseye break anything like before a year ago? I kind of want to do it, but not if the eMMC issues are still around. I really prefer not using the slower SD card method. And i also want to ask about stability for people that still use a Kobol with Armbian on Bullseye. Any pertinent issues with anything? A few people on here have claimed that they have gotten the vanilla Debian kernel to run on the Helios64, but I'm not sure how... Sure would be great if the vanilla Debian distro worked on this board, but I doubt that'll ever happen... I love…

Greetings, I have installed your wiringpi-python on our Nano Pi M4 as instructed on http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/index.php/WiringPi-Python_for_RK3399. All went well with the installation. However, when trying to execute wpi.wiringPiSetup(), I get the following error: Oops: Unable to determine board revision from /proc/cpuinfo -> No "Hardware" line -> You'd best google the error to find out why. This is strange because there is no "Hardware" line in proc/cpuinfo on any Linux system in our organization. Can you please explain what is the way forward. Or is there a python 3 alternative to wiringpi…

Hi everyone, After the last armbian update with a new kernel does the internal networkcard not work anymore! Luckely does a USB NIC work and can i run everything but on only 100Mbps iwonstead of 1Gb of the internal NIC. What i remember did this problem also a few years ago happen. I have pasted all the required info to pastebin because armbianmonitor -u does not work. I got an error that network is not availble. Thank you all for you support!

I made a custom Plex Media Player build that leverages the decent performance we get with the fbdev/dri driver. I tested Rockchip MPP gstreamer plugin. The Rockchip Hardware VPU is very basic, it breaks with mkv playback, so I decided to use ffmpeg software decoding since it's extremely robust. Also 1080p playback through DRI isn't too shabby!. If you want 4k video then you need to contact Rockchip. They seem to be overwhelmed or not interested in bringing 4k support to Linux. I built a .deb package that will install plexmediaplayer to /usr/local. No worries about installing to somewhere and clobbering an official library or package. Official Armbian depen…

The following image boots fine from microSD card on my RockPI4a (2GByte): https://dl.radxa.com/rockpi/images/third-party/Armbian_5.67_Rockpi4b_Debian_stretch_default_4.4.154_desktop_20181210-gpt.img.gz Unfortunately, that images' kernel does not seem to include an AHCI driver, so it does not find the 5 SATA port miniPCIe controller. i am using. That controller is working (mostly) fine with the Radxa provided 4.4.100 debian kernel though. So, i tried to install the following current images: https://dl.armbian.com/rockpi-4a/Buster_current https://dl.armbian.com/rockpi-4a/archive/Armbian_19.11.5_Rockpi-4a_buster_current_5.…

Have anyone tried to use USB connected monitor with NanoPi? I'm thinking about buying one but not sure it can work with it or, if some change has to be done to NanoPi , I would like to know about it.

Hi, I'm new to armbian and I've started with RockPi4b board. I would like to add fan control with PWM, but adding pwm (or pwm0) overlay doesn't work. I can't also find the overlay for it at /boot/dtb-5.8.6-rockchip64/rockchip/overlay/. Is it supported? I've checked and the /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip0 is present, but accessing export, as described here : doesn't work and /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip0/pwm0 is not present. I've tried to find pwm access examples for this board, but none of it works on armbian (all are vendor builds specific). Can anybody point me in the right direction or give any hint how to enable pwm? EDIT…

Continuing the discussion from here On a clean install of 20.08.21 im able to crash the box within a few hours of it being under load. It appears as if the optimisations are being applied root@helios64:~# cat /proc/sys/net/core/rps_sock_flow_entries 32768 The suggestion @ShadowDance made to switch to the performance governor hasn't helped. Anecdotally, I think I remember the crashes always mentioning page faults, and early on there was some discussion about memory timing. Is it possible this continues to be that issue?

I tried a lot few days to driver a 3.5" TFT(the display ic is ST7701S,touch ic is FT5316) MIPI DSI color display panel on Orange Pi 4 with kernel 5.10.y . but I unexpected found it worked on linux 4.4 legacy kernel ( but I don't want use legacy kernel ),that below: But on kernel 5.x have some serious error in dmesg: [ 6.135383] rockchip-drm display-subsystem: bound ff940000.hdmi (ops dw_hdmi_rockchip_ops [rockchipdrm]) [ 6.136150] rockchip-drm display-subsystem: bound ff960000.mipi (ops dw_mipi_dsi_rockchip_ops [rockchipdrm]) [ 6.405472] dw-mipi-dsi-rockchip ff960000.mipi: failed to write command FIFO [ 6.427829] dw-mipi-dsi-rockchip…

Hi guys, just wanted to let you know that I have no a Nanopi Neo4 and NanoPC T4 here on my desk. So if you need help in testing, please let me know. If the Neo4 just had a little more RAM - it's a real cute board size, but hot without cooling unit Michael

Hi guys, I am using Orange Pi 4 (RK3399) and put in a SD card Armbian buster (and other time bionic) from the official web site but nothing happens. I have tried so many times using dd command from my debian OS and windows tools to write image on SD card but nothing again. When I start the board with Android the SD card could be read by android, but when I reboot just the red led shines and the screen of monitor doesn't show nothing. I would like some help because I would use my board in my project of postgraduate. Nowadays I am so disappointed with this problem. Best regards.

Hi all, So if a lot of you maybe know is a heatsink and fan a must for the OrangePi 4. With my temporarly installed fan makes a lot of noise i maked yesterday the step to order a Noctua NF-A4x20 5V PWM. The price was arround €17,- not the cheapest but te reviews are amazing. Even on full speed its a lot more silence then the 20x20 mini fan but with a good air flow. But as you could read did i choose for a PWM variant so i could control the rpm´s with a PWM GPIO pin. And amazingly it did work! I have the PWM pin connected to pin 7 of the OrangePi 4. Commands to start pwm for the first time: cd /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip1/ echo 0 …

I have run into this issue multiple times and the process flow is this: Flash image "Armbian_20.11.6_Helios64_buster_current_5.9.14.img" to a micro SD card. Run through the config (installing OMV with SAMBA) Kick over to the OMV to configure the share / media so its available on my network Runs for some time (this last install was running for maybe a few weeks before it triggered a Kernel panic) Power off. Power on. Board boots, hangs on "Starting Kernel..." Is there some trick I am missing to get this thing to actually boot / reboot correctly? Troubleshooting info: No jumpers are shorted. I had a…

Is there any way/plans to support the FrindlyArm RK3399 SOM in Armbian? Does anyone know the hardware well enough to know if another firmware could be loaded on it? It seems to be a very nice module, and the dev board has just about everything one might want on it. On a side note, possibly derailing my own topic, is there any plans to add any of the VPU patches for the RK3399 and associated software? It seems like support for that is getting pretty close, and it would be great if some of the patches that are floating around could get include in the official distro. I'm about to dive in an try getting at least accelerated ffmpeg working on my M4V2 and/or neo4, …

Just got a rock64 board and tried the armbian testing image. Is ethernet working out-of-the-box with this image? My ethernet isn't working. Also the normal password didn't work (root / 1234). Would be nice to have some infos about that.

Hello to everyone , We have several T4 boards and can't get the NVMe SSD we currently have - Toshiba KBG30ZMS256GA - working ... Tried different 4.4 kernels and various distros . The SSD itself proofed to be working in Mikrotik RouterBoard RBM33G . Before we buy some other NVMe SSDs to try , I want to ask for advise . Is it ok to get such messages from kernel : # dmesg | grep -i pci PCI I/O : 0xffffffbffee00000 - 0xffffffbfffe00000 ( 16 MB) [ 0.119383] PCI/MSI: /interrupt-controller@fee00000/interrupt-controller@fee20000 domain created [ 1.540416] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 64 [ 1.948302] phy phy-pcie-phy…

Hi. I've got a strange issue. When Orange Pi 5 Max was unavailable I installed version for Orange Pi 5 Pro from SD card to NVME SSD. It worked fine Now I decided for fresh install of Armbian dedicated to Max board but I can't boot from SD card. I used exactly the same card and the same power supply as when I installed armbian originally, but when I insert SD card, led goes blue and system is not booting. I don't have any signal on HDMI - monitor goes sleep. When I remove SD card - system boots from SSD and all is working. I removed SSD but system still can't boot from SD card. Do you know any method to boot from SD card or install armbian imag…

hi rk3399 is being very popular chip. Firefly 3399 was launched on August last year. Now Orange pi RK 3399 is launching. Pine now are preparing Pine RK3399. the same also is doing HanrdKernel - Odroid N is expected on august this year. Short Question. Are you preparing Armbian for RK3399? Are you interested in this chip. best regards

I think I have somehow managed to remove my wlan0 interface. I've done a lot of testing on this M4V2 and am happy with my latest configuration and then I noticed my wlan0 interface is gone. I know it was there because I had tested it all (this box is going to my work office I'm not very good with the very low level stuff but this is what I have found sudo nmcli dev status DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION eth0 ethernet connected Nano2Home lo loopback unmanaged -- jerry@nano2:~ $ sudo nmcli con show NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE Nano2Home bfe624a0-6c47-34c7-b947-350dd18b2059 ethernet eth0 Wi-Fi connection 1 62eadfc0-4456-4dc6-8624-771996a69834 w…

I tried building the mainline kernel (ayufan) for NanoPC T4. My aim is to bring up bluetooth. No quite familiar with device tree, just googling and reading the kernel doc, and now I had some luck. According to this post (https://discuss.96boards.org/t/updated-preliminary-support-for-bluetooth-in-debian-rock960/5588/7) in 96boards forum, in recent kernel, there is a serial bus support for bcm blutooth. ---- firmware. I used firmware from the repo mentioned in the post: https://github.com/openwetek/wlan-firmware-aml/blob/master/bcm_ampak/config/4356/bcm4356a2.hcd according to hci_bcm.c code, this file should be renamed to BCM4…

I've recently switched my FriendlyElec NanoPC-T6 to use the Armbian Linux v6.12 server image, built on the 24th of May 2025. Booting of SD works fine, but when installing to the eMMC chip some I/O errors can be found in the kernel logs: [ 151.814773] I/O error, dev mmcblk0, sector 176 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 10 prio class 2 This happens when under heavy I/O load - e.g. performing an apt upgrade. I ran badblocks over the entire eMMC chip without issue - but that puts a much lower strain on the eMMC. Therefore, i'm convinced that the eMMC chip itself is fine. Poking around a bit, this seems to be because the A3A444 eMMC chip whi…

Howdy With a p2 that already had ubuntu installed on the ssd using the firefly technique, it seemed time to upgrade using to armbian. Installing the new uboot went fine. It is not clear how to confirm it. The command did not error. However using the jammy 22.08 images, the uuid does not appear to be on the SD card. At this time I do not have a serial cable. However the image shows sum of the situation. Any help appreciated including advice on rj45 to serial cable. Thanks.

Helios64 network activity light no longer flashes (always off). I have one ethernet cable attached to eth0 and enabled. Otherwise eth0 is working fine Helios64 is rebooted each 24 hours. If I echo "1" to /sys/class/leds/helios64:blue:net/brightness then LED lights up OK. Contents of /sys/class/leds/helios64:blue:net/trigger [none] usb-gadget usb-host kbd-scrolllock kbd-numlock kbd-capslock kbd-kanalock kbd-shiftlock kbd-altgrlock kbd-ctrllock kbd-altlock kbd-shiftllock kbd-shiftrlock kbd-ctrlllock kbd-ctrlrlock usbport disk-activity disk-read disk-write ide-disk mtd nand-disk heartbeat cpu cpu0 cpu1 cpu2 cpu3 cpu4 cpu5 acti…

Hello: I am tyring to build the latest version of moonlight-qt (6.0.0). Up until now, I succeded by removing the disable-libdrm and disable-wayland to enable hardware acceleration and use H264, H265 and AV1 all of them through hardware acceleration. However, I get huge decoding times and they are even variable, ranging from 40ms to 300ms depending on what is going on in the streaming. The 4.3.1 version provided by @amazingfate works very good at 4ms decoding time but I would like to test the new AV1 encoder and features from the latest version. What steps should I follow to get it working correctly? Thank you in advance

I'm building a portable battery powered NAS because syncing and having everything multiple times on all my Android devices sucks. I took my old Banana Pi connected a SSD to the SATA port and made it a access point (no Samba yet installed). Booting from the 16GB SanDisk Ultra A1 is 27 seconds. Moving everything to the SSD in armbian config is also 27 seconds (no difference?) I know the Banana has not the fastest SATA and NIC and that USB 3 on the Rock64 is faster. But i don't copy tons of gigabyte to the device everyday and for streaming over the WiFi stick it's fast enough. I'm interested on the boot time of the Rock64 (e…

I planned to upgrade and skip current 5.18 (EOL) with edge 5.19 or just use LTS 5.15. Offcial images 5.19/edge (e.g. Armbian_22.08.1_Nanopct4_sid_edge_5.19.5.img.xz) won't boot at all, maybe a short uboot screen. Using uboot v22.04 like other rk3399 boards did not fix it. SInce the nanopct4.conf is boardfamily=media but also works with rockchip64 (which was changed some time ago), building with boardfamily=rockchip64 current 5.15 or edge 5.19 works fine, the cli builds boot as expected. Maybe a general question, which bordfamily fits now best to nanopct4. I remember exactly problems which were fixed bei 150balbes maintainer when pul…

l used armbian-config to activate Bluetooth but get this message when I check the status root@nanopim4:~# /etc/init.d/bluetooth status ● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) Condition: start condition failed at Thu 2019-06-06 07:17:58 BST; 11s ago └─ ConditionPathIsDirectory=/sys/class/bluetooth was not met Docs: man:bluetoothd(8) any ideas chaps ?

Dear to all, I'm new on linux environment so be patience with me. I have a helios64 unit with installed Openmediavault 6. When I reboot or turn-off helios64 (both from webgui interface that from power button) the hard disk ( 2 wd60efrx) make a cute sound from head. How can I check that heads are parked correctly? I don't want damage my hard disks Best regards

[ 11.309397] panfrost ff9a0000.gpu: clock rate = 500000000 [ 11.316882] panfrost ff9a0000.gpu: EM: OPP:200000 is inefficient [ 11.317248] panfrost ff9a0000.gpu: EM: created perf domain [ 11.320588] panfrost ff9a0000.gpu: mali-t860 id 0x860 major 0x2 minor 0x0 status 0x0 [ 11.321594] panfrost ff9a0000.gpu: features: 00000000,00000407, issues: 00000000,24040400 [ 11.322812] panfrost ff9a0000.gpu: Features: L2:0x07120206 Shader:0x00000000 Tiler:0x00000809 Mem:0x1 MMU:0x00002830 AS:0xff JS:0x7 [ 11.324483] panfrost ff9a0000.gpu: shader_present=0xf l2_present=0x1 [ 11.357056] [drm] Initialized panfrost 1.2.0 20180908 for ff9a0000.gpu on minor 1 It seems Panf…

I've built everything into the kernel that I can think of: Device Drivers ---> [*] USB support --> [*] USB Type-C Support --> ** built everything other than alternative mode / display port drivers [*] PHY Subsystem ---> ... [*] Rockchip TYPEC PHY Driver Nothing seems to get it working (other than using the legacy kernel). If I plug in a USB type-c ethernet adapter, the light stays on solid but nothing shows up under lsusb.. I'm not sure what else to try. Any help would be appreciated.

Hi, it seem that Armbian_community_25.5.0-trunk.185_Orangepi5-max build break the HDMI output, in gnome and bookworm. I try to boot the two with SD card. existing sytem that make an apt upgrade, the 185 also seem to broke all the system. regards,

I’m helping my friend set up Helios64 with OpenMediaVault as a media server. We’d manage to set it up as per your documentation mentioned on your wiki page but are stuck on SD-Card to eMMC migration. As after migrating with no error so far we’re still unable to boot the system without the SD-Card in Helios64. We still couldn’t figure out what could be the problem? Can you guys help?

Hey folks, I ordered an Orange Pi 4 a couple weeks ago, and it showed up on Wednesday. Last night I started tinkering around with to see if I could get Armbian up and running on it. First thing I did was to hook up my USB-to-TTL debugger to it (no SD card inserted). But when I powered it on, all I'm getting over the serial connection is garbage. With my other OPi's, I'm used to getting U-Boot messages -- but this was far from that: The garbage settles down after about 30 seconds. When I have it hooked up to my Windows machine, I get a new device called "rk3399-mid" that appears in device manager. I tried grabbing the i…

Hi all, This has confused me! I have an old copy Armbian_20.02.7_Nanopim4_buster_current_5.4.28_desktop.7z which works fine. Any SD cards I put it on using Balena Etcher works. Any of the latest versions simply won't boot. The only difference appears to be the XZ file format. I extracted one of the later ones using 7Zip and then Etcher to flash and as expected it mad no difference at all. Has something been done to the V1 firmware from the V2 that doesn't work or firmwares containing the wrong naming etc? Help!

Last night we lost power to the whole house, I had to manually start the NAS and when I tried to access my data there was nothing but empty shares. After checking OpenMediaVault Web UI and checking around, the file system status shows as "missing" and there is nothing under RAID Management and all the disks show properly under Storage > Disks. The NAS is set up as a Raid 6 on ext4 with five 12 TB drives. For starters, I wonder why the internal battery did not graciously shut down Helios64 as to avoid this from happening given that power outages are a rather common issue. Then, how do I get my file system back? After browsing some for…

Hello, I have recently bought a Helios64 item. I have mounted it, I have done all steps written on wiki here https://wiki.kobol.io/helios64/kit/ and here https://wiki.kobol.io/helios64/install/sdcard/ but when I try to follow this steps https://wiki.kobol.io/helios64/install/first-start/ USB to serial bridge is not detected by my notebooks (I have tried with notebook 1 (windows10 x64 with drivers downloaded and installed with exe setup) and notebook 2 (x86 cpu with last kernel ubuntu and windows xp)). I have unmounted the backplane cover, jumper P10, P11 and P13 (see here jumper description https://wiki.kobol.io/helios64/jumper/ ) are all opened so my question is: what is…

Hello, I was trying to boot Armbian 6.10 from https://www.armbian.com/orange-pi-5-pro/ minimal or normal desktop, none of them are working/booting, maybe hint what am I doing wrong? Thank you

Hi guys, I am building armbian image for rockpi4b+ and its kernel is 6.0.11(edge version) and the bluetooth failed start up. If anyone knows what kernel 6.0.11 did that cause the problem: wzkiro@rockpi-4bplus:~$ dmesg | grep brcm [ 7.069061] brcmfmac: F1 signature read @0x18000000=0x15294345 [ 7.108688] brcmfmac: brcmf_fw_alloc_request: using brcm/brcmfmac43456-sdio for chip BCM4345/9 [ 7.109142] usbcore: registered new interface driver brcmfmac [ 7.236547] brcmfmac: brcmf_fw_alloc_request: using brcm/brcmfmac43456-sdio for chip BCM4345/9 [ 7.245940] brcmfmac: brcmf_c_preinit_dcmds: Firmware: BCM4345/9 wl0: Feb 11 2020 11:54:51 version 7.45.96.61 …

Hi, Is it possible to boot from SSD? How it should be partitioned? Can I use any arbitrary partition for rootfs? Should I follow the procedure from this thread ? It assumes I should write the armbian image to a whole drive instead of partition, right? Well, I actually tried some way... First, I've tried to just run some utility from ambian-config that transfers rootfs to a partition. Device did not boot after this (with SD card ejected). Then I've flashed the ayufan's u-boot-flash-spi-rock64.img.xz. This also fails (boot log is attached) but the log looks promising. BTW, I'm experimenting with Ubuntu 18.04 image built by myself …

hello everyone, i just received a new nano pi m4 4G with it's 13M camera module, the problem is that when i try to list the connected camera ls -lrth /dev/video* it shows only the usb cameras, does anyone knows how to get it working on armbian "Linux nanopim4 4.4.172-rk3399 #22 SMP Tue Jan 29 07:00:38 CET 2019 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux" thanks in advance

Hey guys. I'm totally new to this, used to fiddle with the PI when it came out but not any real serious projects. Just recently I've gotten annoyed on how I play back media and where I have my storage solution so I figured it was time for an upgrade. I've been reading this thread a lot, much respect goes to tkaiser for making such an amount of info available to us newbies. I actually ordered the Banana PI M3 until I read the wikis and this post which lead me to believe that the BPI M3 would make for a fantastically shitty NAS. I had actually ordered it but canceled the order before it was shipped. From those numbers I interpret that th…

VPU hardware encode/decode appears to not work on the NanoPC-T4. I know it's a WIP. If there is a Post Installation Procedure I could do that would work for me.

Hello, I would like to install Mali-G610 drivers on my Rock5B, but getting error during adding PPA: root@rock-5b:~# add-apt-repository ppa:liujianfeng1994/panfork-mesa PPA publishes dbgsym, you may need to include 'main/debug' component Repository: 'deb https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/liujianfeng1994/panfork-mesa/ubuntu/ bookworm main' Description: https://gitlab.com/panfork/mesa You need to install mali-g610-firmware if you don't have file /lib/firmware/mali_csffw.bin More info: https://launchpad.net/~liujianfeng1994/+archive/ubuntu/panfork-mesa Adding repository. Press [ENTER] to continue or Ctrl-c to cancel. Adding deb entry to /etc/apt/sources.l…

Hello everyone! I need help. I was very happy to learn that Armbian support is now available for the Luckfox Lyra Ultra W! https://blog.armbian.com/github-highlights-5/ This board has 8GB of EMCC memory and the firmware needs to be loaded onto this EMCC. I went to this page in this mini guide https://github.com/armbian/build/pull/8862?ref=blog.armbian.com where is the author @vidplace7 clearly indicates how to correctly compile and install the firmware ./compile.sh BOARD=luckfox-lyra-ultra-w BRANCH=vendor KERNEL_CONFIGURE=no DEB_COMPRESS=xz KERNEL_BTF=yes INSTALL_ARMBIAN_FIRMWARE=no BUILD_DESKTOP=no BUILD_MINIMAL=yes RELEASE=trixie Boot from…

I've a set of Orange Pi 5 Max boards, all of them mounting fast NVME units. My plan was to use micro SD card to host the OS, but delegate all intensive writing (log, tmp) to a special partition on the NVME unit which will be used for OS and Application data (both for performance, and to extend the lifetime of the SD card). That way I can flash the OS disk as needed without worrying about flashing the data disk with it. I've seen that Armbian uses zram by default, but I'd like to keep the entire RAM available for the applications that will be running in the boards (NVME should be fast enough to not notice a massive impact vs using the RAM). As I have seen disab…

Hi all. I'm doing some tests and I noticed wifi isn't working on the M4 with Bionic 5.4(server from download page) and 5.3(desktop self build) Both on-board wifi any usb wifi dongles aren't working. Anyone an idea why this is? Cheers.

I thought I'd rebuild the NAS with the latest image in the hope that it would be more stable. Unfortunately my hopes were in vain. I was in the middle of doing an rsync and it crashed with a kernel panic. Had a look on the forum and implemented the two suggestions of limiting the cpu to 1200MHz and tweaking the voltages. CPU @ 50c as reported in the login header. Anyway after updating the setting I reboot it and it crashed immediately ! The same SMP issue that seems to have been plaguing this board since release

Is there an issues page relating to the M4V2 and Armbian Focal. I'm testing it and I have a few strange things happening with NFS and network but I was wondering if there as a known issues or a general topic regarding this board and this Ambian build because searching for nanopi-M4V2 Focal... is not a good idea. Thanks

Hi, i really tried to get SPI as spidev to work on my RockPI 4A (Rev. 1.4), using armbianEnv.txt and DT overlays however nothing works as it seems it is just ignored. So does anybody have an idea of how to get SPI working in spidev mode? Because I have board which I want to connect via SPI.

Anyone know the plans to get the HDMI outputs active on Rock 5B and the 6.x kernels? I thought it was working on one 6.2rc2 build earlier but lately I have not been able to get any visuals out from Armbian builds using edge kernels.

Hello, I have used NanoPi M4v2 with "NVMe SSD adapter" (Officially sold by the FriendlyElec). NVMe SSD is detected when I installed ubuntu based kernel 4.4. (FriendlyCore 18.04 or Armbian Bionic desktop based kernal 4.4.y) But When I installed armbian based kernel 5.x, NVMe SSD is not detected. Anyone can advise?

Greetings, I have multiple NanoPi NEO3s on the same subnet. When booting with Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS they use the physical MAC address when posting to DHCP, but ARMbian seems to create a default (fake) MAC address and uses that instead. Judging by the "armbianmonitor -U" output, ARMbian knows about the physical MAC address, it just doesn't use it. The NEO3 board is listed as supported, but there is another posting dated 2020 that still seems to be unresolved. MAC address c2:1f:b3:b0:d2:41 seems to be a generic (fake) address that is being used. Is there a remedy to allow it to use the actual hardware address with this kernel ? -- -- -- brack…

I have updated the armbian-firmware to full package: root@rock-3a:/lib/firmware/mediatek# ls -la /lib/firmware/mediatek/ | grep mt7915 -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 3584 Feb 17 22:23 mt7915_eeprom.bin -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 3584 Feb 17 22:23 mt7915_eeprom_dbdc.bin -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 144544 Feb 17 22:23 mt7915_rom_patch.bin -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 116160 Feb 17 22:23 mt7915_wa.bin -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 1260960 Feb 17 22:23 mt7915_wm.bin but my Mediatek 7915e seems to still be unsupported: root@rock-3a:/lib/firmware/mediatek# lspci 0000:00:00.0 PCI bridge: Rockchip Electronics Co., Ltd RK3568 Remote Signal Processor (rev 01) 0000:01:00…

Hi there, I'd like to point out that the armbian buster (Armbian_5.90_Rockpi-4b_Debian_buster_default_4.4.182_desktop) and armbian bionic images are not booting on the rockpi 4b at this time. I've tried both etcher and win32disk imager. The armbian stretch image is booting just fine (ruling out SD and usb-C power issues i guess ?) I've searched the forum and have not found a mention of his, therefore I'd like to do this now. I unfortunatly don't know how to record boot messages at this time. If anyone is able to provide a quide to this I'd be happy to record the messages. The guides I've found so far are unfortu…

Hello, I apologize for my bad English. I have a NanoPi R6S and a NanoPC T6. Both Nano devices have Armbian images. Both devices use a processor: CPU Model: Rockchip RK3588 Number of Cores: Quad-core ARM Cortex-A76 + Quad Core Cortex-A55 Frequency: Cortex-A76 (up to 2.4GHz), Cortex-A55 (up to 1.8GHz) A few things struck me On NanoPi R6S in the dts file, the frequency of A76 cores is up to 2.4GHz you can see the frequencies at which each core works cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies 408000 600000 816000 1008000 1200000 1416000 1608000 1800000 408000 600000 816000 1008000 1200000 1416000 1608000 1800000…

Hi guys, My Helios64 keeps going offline, it has this red light come on the front panel but i am not sure what it means exactly. This happens once every few weeks, the system is fine after a reboot. What does this red light mean exactly? Is there anything i can do to prevent these breakdowns? Cheers,

Flashed Armbian Buster to eMMc and now want to flash to Armbian Bionic. I know there's instructions using a usbC in the friendlyarm wiki but this just isn't working out... I used the Windows method / tool to erase the eMMC as it says which seemed to work but it still boots from the eMMC :/ Are there any better instructions any where?

Hi folks, long time lurker here. My helios64 is pretty much brand new, didn’t really needed it at that time, only bought it as I found it really cool. I may power it a couple of times per year for some backups (got 3x 6tb in it, no raid so I can take them out when needed, also back up stuff to external drives), it still starts-up from the initial sd card as I never finished setting it up. I also have a 1 bay separate NAS for downloading movies that if fails, I will just replace; and a drive attached directly to my router for easy file swaps; so don’t need much running 24x7. While I work in IT (on the Windows side, so the Armbian stuff is still a le…

When can I expect a final Armbian image for the Nanopi M4 ? I'm eagerly awaiting it and many others will surely be too The image of friendlyarm is simply an imposition You have the feeling of being on the road with the handbrake on.

Hello, I'm trying to use the NanoPi M4v2 SPI however it doesn't seem to work. I used armbian-config to enable the gpio overlay: [ ] dwc3-0-host [ ] i2c7 [ ] i2c8 [*] pcie-gen2 [ ] rk3328-opp-1.4ghz [ ] rk3328-opp-1.5ghz [ ] rk3399-opp-2ghz [ ] spi-jedec-nor [*] spi-spidev [ ] uart4 [ ] w1-gpio And the SPI isn't showing up on /dev: ls /dev/spi* ls: cannot access '/dev/spi*': No such file or directory Wasn't this enough to be able to use the SPI1 on this board? SBC: NanoPi M4V2 System: 5.10.35-rockchip64 #21.05.1 SMP PREEMPT Fri May 7 13:53:11 UTC 2021 aarch64 GNU/Linux Thank you.

Hi all, just fitted one of these Nanopi M4 SATA Hat and can't see how I can connect 4 drives as there is only one Molex connector - I'm probably being dumb - any help appreciated

Hi there, I love my Helios64 to death. I'm running MooseFS CE and MooseFS PRO. The problem is I'm absolutely hammering it with I/O and it's consistently hard crashing, and no fix I've tried helps. Should I revert to the older kernel version or something? Or is this a useful test case...

Hello, I've problem... Message from syslogd@rock-5b at Feb 23 21:58:00 ... kernel:[ 443.674152] Internal error: Oops: 0000000096000004 [#1] PREEMPT SMP Message from syslogd@rock-5b at Feb 23 21:58:00 ... kernel:[ 443.674152] Internal error: Oops: 0000000096000004 [#1] PREEMPT SMP Message from syslogd@rock-5b at Feb 23 21:58:00 ... kernel:[ 443.718480] Code: b40001b3 f1036273 d503201f 54000140 (f9402261) Message from syslogd@rock-5b at Feb 23 21:58:00 ... kernel:[ 443.718480] Code: b40001b3 f1036273 d503201f 54000140 (f9402261) I have exactly zero experience with debugging this. But from my trial-error it will have something to do…

What is the current pcie link speed set for stable Armbian 5.9.x release? I know stock kernels from orange pi have it set to Gen 1 speed. Need to test some Gen 2 hardware and see if it works.

Hello, just yesterday I got my new Orange Pi 5B. Unfortunately I'm facing the issue, that I cannot see any EMMC on Armbian. The Debian image that is delivered by Orange Pi itself is giving me access to the EMMC - so it's there with 256GB physically. lsblk shows only the SD card and zram drives. gparted is not starting up after installation at all. This is valid for all official downloadable versions like Jammy, Bullseye, Bookworm... Is there any driver available I would have to activate to use the EMMC device with the Armbian images? I'd really like better to run the board without SD card. Any idea?

Hello I want to disable console on /dev/ttyS2 on a Radxa ROCK 4C+ running rock@rockpi-4cplus:/boot$ cat /etc/os-release | grep -v URL PRETTY_NAME="Armbian 25.5.0-trunk.40 noble" NAME="Ubuntu" VERSION_ID="24.04" VERSION="24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat)" VERSION_CODENAME=noble ID=ubuntu ID_LIKE=debian UBUNTU_CODENAME=noble LOGO="armbian-logo" ARMBIAN_PRETTY_NAME="Armbian 25.5.0-trunk.40 noble" There are posts and other information out there. For instance: https://docs.armbian.com/User-Guide_Fine-Tuning/#how-to-toggle-boot-output which leads to http://redsymbol.net/linux-kernel-boot-parameters/ rock@rockpi-4cplus:/boot$ grep console armbianEnv.txt cons…

Hi, my rock64 (rev2) with the latest build of Armbian randomly looses its network connection. I couldn't use the armbianmonitor -u as it had no network connection, but when i use ifconfig, I can see it's still got it's settings and is the NIC lights are on. ifconfig showed 6 TX errors. My NIC is set to DHCP with static reserved IP address to an ASUS router. I leave it on 24/7 and check it once a while as it pretty much is used as a NAS with a single USB 3 drive. This morning I connected up via HDMI and a USB keyboard and logged in successfully. I don't have much Linux experience so wasn't sure how to capture the logs to SD card so i could co…

Hi all, I would like to boot my nanopim4 v2 from a nvme ssd disk if possible - I tried using armbian-install as mentioned on a thread on here and received the error "partition too small" the disk is a 1Tb and has one partition - any ideas ?

I have Armbian running on my NanoPi M4 Everything is fine but.............. I have massive problems with pulseaudio Im not able to get the sound working So i tried to deinstall pulseaudio and install Alsa After that i dont see anything regarding sound in settings menu or on the taskbar For unknown reasons the wallpaper has resettet Anyone who has a solution ?

Hi, I was trying to load below Armbian images into NanoPi M4 (just M4, neither M4B nor M4V2). They are able to be loaded in the first place, but when I reboot the board by typing "reboot" command in the terminal, I can only see black screen showing on the monitor, no led flashing on the board even, and the board never boots up again. If I unplug the power cable and plug back again, it boots as expected. Is there any way I can reboot the board remotely? Armbian_20.08.1_Nanopim4_buster_current_5.8.6_desktop.img.xz Armbian_20.08.1_Nanopim4_buster_current_5.8.6.img.xz Armbian_20.08.1_Nanopim4_bionic_current_5.8.6.img.xz Armbi…

Hi all, first off, I love my NanoPiM4V2 boards, the big drawback with them for me is backing them up, if you are running them from an eMMC and you have the board in a case, you have to remove the cover of the case, if you have a hat ( which I do ) you also have to remove that , then you can remove the eMMC module and clone or do whatever with it. What would be good for me, is, if I could temporarily boot from an sdcard , unmount the eMMC, and clone it for backup purposes. Before I ruin anything I thought I'd ask the experts. Is this doable ?

I've got bluetooth working flawlessly. OpenGL works fine, Plex Media Server works , SONICC, RADARR all performed well, I built the latest and greatest Plex Media Player. A attempted to get VDPAU acceleration working. I'm running the nightly build with the nanopc-t4 overlay. Just about everything works. video playback works with GL accelleration but VDPAU is needed for mkv files. I installed the vdpau mesa support, and tried the libvdpau-sunxi1 driver. Is there anyone else working on something similar ? vdpauinfo display: :0.0 screen: 0 Error creating VDPAU device: 25

Hi, I just bought a Rock Pi4B v1.4 recently. I tried to boot it with https://dl.armbian.com/rockpi-4b/Debian_buster_default_desktop.7z and https://dl.armbian.com/rockpi-4b/Ubuntu_bionic_default_desktop.7z However it was all in vain. I also had tried SDCard and emmc but none of them worked. Any suggestion? Thanks

The second USB port of NanoPI R4s is not working -- the logs were created with a USB disk inserted in port 2. # lsusb -t /: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci-hcd/1p, 5000M /: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci-hcd/1p, 480M |__ Port 1: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=pl2303, 12M If I remove and swap the USB devices: # lsusb -t /: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci-hcd/1p, 5000M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 5000M /: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci-hcd/1p, 480M Other user…

Hello, I would like to build my own Image. I have successfully build my img file and could flash it to my SDCard. When I boot the Image I have no Output on the HDMI port so I cannot even say if the Image is booting or not. There is also no IP address taken from my DHCP Server. How do i correct this two issues?

Hey Everyone, I'm sorry if this has been answered elsewhere. I recently purchased a Radxa Rock 5B+ and I installed the debian bookworm test build provided by radxa on there getting started page. https://docs.radxa.com/en/rock5/rock5b/getting-started/install-os/boot_from_sd_card https://github.com/radxa-build/rock-5b-plus-6_1/releases/download/rsdk-t4/rock-5b-plus-6_1_bookworm_kde_t4.output.img.xz I was mainly intent on using the HDMI with gstreamer using custom resolutions, but found that when using custom resolutions they cannot use the YCrCb pixel format only RGB8. It seems based on the following comment that RGB8 videoconvert hardware …

Hey guys, I heard that the USB3 port of the Rock64 outputs up to 950mA. I have this external HD (WD My Passport), one of those 2,5'' external HDDs that are powered solely by the USB3 port. From what I've gathered, this should need no more than 650mA. But it doesn't work on the Rock64. After mounting the thing, if I try to write and read, it just disconnects with a bunch of dmesg errors. It makes a little click sound after the spinning builds up. Looks like there's not enough energy (it works fine on my desktop). How can I check and monitor the voltage and current delivered by the USB3.0 on the Rock64? My power supply is …

After kernel version 6.12.6, the overlay to enable SATA on the PCie is not included in the build anymore. So https://github.com/armbian/linux-rockchip/pull/237/commits/5bdf4a4243e6c149290cdd2c8f5a7d1a1946670e is not effective anymore. The existing .dts can be compiled and works with kernel 6.12.10-current-rockchip64 and 6.13.0-edge-rockchip64, but then NVMe is not enabled. From Rock3A schematics and RK3568 datasheet I see that there is no reason that it could not work as the NVMe is on independent PCIe 3x2 lanes in the M.2 M-key connector. PCIe 2x1 lane meant for WiFi/SATA is on E-key connector. It looks like 'entity PCIe is mixed up' somehow.…

Hello fellow geeks/nerds, Here still using a Rock Pi 4c on 26.2.0-trunk.44. After upgrading to 26.2.0-trunk.62 the Rockpi just does not come back. No display no network. Wish I could provide more details beside the versions. I've went ahead and froze the kernel updates. If there's a way to maybe pull a log of sorts please let me know and I'll post it.

I'm about to install active cooling fan on my recently delivered nanoPI T4. However, I cannot get what is a type of the soldered 3-pin fan connector on this board? What I see there is visually too small as for standard connector size. Is it something special I have no clue about yet, or it is for future proprietary Friendlyarm's fan designed specially for the board? Any suggestions are welcome! Thanks

Hi everyone, I'm trying to get 4k output from my NanoPi M4. I have tried (using a Steamlink HDMI cable) directly connected to my TV (to eliminate my receiver as a point of failure/bugs) to get something to output to the screen in 4k. I haven't succeeded. What information I've gathered so far: There are two "vops" a big and little, and the little one is not designed to, and cannot output 4k (there was a patch hacking that into vopl but I never dared test it and can't find it now). There was this change setting the maximum resolution to 4k in a file/subdirectory I cannot find in recent kernels anymore: https://patchwork.ozlabs.org…

If I transfer from Helios64 2.5Gbit Port to a client 2.5Gbit port I'll got a very slow transfer rate (Helios -> client around 200Mbit/s), vice versa full speed, switch is 2.5Gbit (Rj45 ethernet Cat7 cable).Testet with iperf. The switch monitoring indicates always 2 errors. I know about the Hardware issue of Lan-Port2, but it only effect 1Gbit transfer. Nevertheless in the Network are also mixed with 1Gbit clients. Is there anything I'll can try to get full 2.5Gbit speed?

Hello, I have been holding onto kernel 5.10 (5.10.21-rockchip64 to be exact) for a while as it has been pretty stable for me and also because I heard bad feedback from newer kernels on the Helios 64. But with the recent discovery of the DirtyPipe exploit (which has been introduced in Linux 5.8), I might be looking to upgrade to the latest Armbian kernel (which contains a fix to the vulnerability). So, my question to fellow Helios64 users is: have you encountered any issue with kernel 5.15, especially when using OpenMediaVault 5, Docker, MergerFS and NFS?

Hello, i have trouble with my Helios64 (possibly bricked), so I am interested to by a new one. And if i can fix mine, the second one could allow me to participate to armbian support for it. Anyone have one for sale ? Preferably in Europe. Thank you.

Hi I try ro install and use Armbian on my NanoPi NEO 3. But when I do a first boot, I stuck at Generate Locale step. How can I fix it? Thank you very much. .

[🌱] artifact [ armbian-desktop :: armbian-desktop() ] [💖] artifact [ present in local cache: armbian-bullseye-desktop-gnome 23.05.0-trunk--1-V5999-B8177 ] [🌱] artifact [ armbian-bsp-desktop :: armbian-bsp-desktop() ] [🌱] Getting ORAS manifest [ ORAS manifest from ghcr.io/armbian/cache-packages/armbian-bsp-desktop-orangepi5-legacy:23.05.0-trunk--1-B0996 ] Error: GET "https://ghcr.io/v2/armbian/cache-packages/armbian-bsp-desktop-orangepi5-legacy/manifests/23.05.0-trunk--1-B0996": GET "https://ghcr.io/token?scope=repository%3Aarmbian%2Fcache-packages%2Farmbian-bsp-desktop-orangepi5-legacy%3Apull&service=ghcr.io": response status code 403: denied: requested access…

I am trying to enable sound with RT5651 audio codec on SoM-RK3399v2. Hardware is integrated on the board (on i2c1 bus, address 0x1a), worked with official FriendlyElec Linux (4.4 kernel IIRC) and tests were run with powered speakers (which work when connected to PC). I used this patch to patch my current device tree: https://github.com/armbian/build/blob/master/patch/kernel/rockchip64-dev/board-nanopi-m4v2-dts-add-sound-card.patch I did not use Kconfig file from the patch as it seems that my kernel have has built that modules. page 19 of NanoPI M4V2 and page 7 of SoM-RK3399 schematic shows that same audio codec (rt5651 on the same busses (I2S1 and I2C1…

I literally registered to post this complaint here. How STUPID it is to have a M.2 SATA SHARED WITH HDD1!! IT DEFEATS THE WHOLE PURPOSE OF THIS ENCLOSURE. PERIOD!!!! My mistake was that I did not know what it meant that M.2 was SHARED before I purchased this enclosure and now, I have a need to expand beyond the measly 16GB of your eMMC and I found out THE PAINFUL WAY that IT IS NOT POSSIBLE because of the shared SATA port. IT"S BEYOND FRUSTRATION. YOU CANNOT EVEN IMAGINE HOW STUPID THIS DECISION OF YOURS IS. IT JUST LITERALLY DOWNGRADED YOUR NAS FROM AN EXCELLENT ENCLOSURE TO AN OVERPRICED JUNK THAT I HAD TO WAIT FOR FOR MORE THAN 6 …

I did a lot of power consumption tests with my NanoPi R6C and noticed something strange when switching from kernel 5.10.110 to kernel 5.10.160. Hardware NanoPi R6C 4GB 32GB Sandisk High Endurance microSD Card Ugreen 18W USB Power Supply Software Armbian 23.5.1 Nanopi-r6s bookworm Default settings (only changing fdtfile=rockchip/rk3588s-nanopi-r6s.dtb to fdtfile=rockchip/rk3588s-nanopi-r6c.dtb in /boot/armbianEnv.txt) Switching between legacy 5.10.160 and legacy 5.10.110 kernels with armbian-config With just 1Gbit Ethernet and the power supply connected in idle (measured at wall): kernel 5.10.110…

I backed this early, and I have had nothing but stability problems since I built the thing. Sometimes my machine runs for as few as 6 minutes before crashing, and helpfully, it keeps clearing the systemd journal every time it starts up so I can't even see what happened just before it crashed. It crashes running OMV and Syncthing with high load, it crashes doing absolutely nothing but watching the systemd journal. It crashes doing nothing at all. When it crashes, it corrupts my files, and often the OMV Database requiring me to CONSTANTLY reset the GUI password for OMV, and then find that half of OMV isn't working. It does this on both uSD cards and on the inbuilt MMC.…

Is there any working image for orangepi5-pro? I am having trouble to understand a few things in the https://www.armbian.com/orange-pi-5-pro/ It says: But downloding the image on that page brings Armbian_community_25.8.0-trunk.38_Orangepi5pro_bookworm_vendor_6.1.115_minimal.img.xz which is version 25.8.0 and that image wont boot.

Hi, I'm unable to get my Rock64 to boot either the Xenial or Stretch Armbian images from SD or Emmc. I can get all of the other OS's to boot fine off of either media. Ive tried with multiple Emmc chips, SD cards and Rock64's with the same results so its not the hardware. Seems like it cant find the boot loader. Ive used win32diskimager, Etcher and the Rock64 instakk software. I've formatted the SD card completely, used new SD cards... I'm stuck! Any suggestions Thanks!

Hello Everyone I have added Armbian for the Heltec HT-M2808 Helium Miner https://github.com/armbian/build/pull/6989#event-13647037453 https://heltec.org/project/ht-m2808/ To Compile ./compile.sh build BOARD=rk3328-heltec BRANCH=current BUILD_DESKTOP=no BUILD_MINIMAL=no EXPERT=no KERNEL_CONFIGURE=yes KERNEL_GIT=shallow RELEASE=bookworm You can obviously decide to go with a desktop environment (board has no HDMI) or use a different release. How to Flash 1) Install Rockchip Flash Tools 2) Download bootloader (rk3328_loader_ddr333_v1.16.250.bin) attached here. 3) Boot device into LOADER mode. Plug USB Cable in to back …

I'm using Orange Pi 5 Plus, I've updated to latest by apt upgrade but seems to be stuck on old version as you can see 25.2.2 but kernel is still 6.1.75 : # uname -a Linux abeure 6.1.75-vendor-rk35xx #1 SMP Wed Aug 21 11:45:59 UTC 2024 aarch64 GNU/Linux # cat /var/log/apt/history.log Start-Date: 2025-02-25 01:00:39 Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade Upgrade: armbian-firmware:arm64 (25.2.1, 25.2.2) End-Date: 2025-02-25 01:00:42 Start-Date: 2025-02-25 01:01:10 Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade Upgrade: linux-u-boot-orangepi5-plus-vendor:arm64 (24.11.1, 25.2.2) End-Date: 2025-02-25 01:01:11 Latest version https://www.armbian.com/…

From the media script thread: Chromium is unusable right now. I'm having to use Firefox. EDIT1: I ran the media-script .sh and it auto installed the default selection and I also ticked "streaming" which I know is Chromium... EDIT2: I'm on the latest Chromium for Ubuntu bionic... 73.x EDIT3: This is what Chromium says under "chrome://gpu": What am I doing wrong? es2_info: and glxgears:

Hello, While upgrading my rock64 today, my Linux kernel was upgraded from 6.6.32 to 6.12.9. After rebooting, the board refused to boot: Boot script loaded from usb 0 | 166 bytes read in 407 ms (0 Bytes/s) | 26129699 bytes read in 1634 ms (15.3 MiB/s) | 36473344 bytes read in 48420 ms (735.4 KiB/s) | 54333 bytes read in 826 ms (63.5 KiB/s) | 2825 bytes read in 1653 ms (1000 Bytes/s) | Applying kernel provided DT fixup script (rockchip-fixup…

Hi, I tried the new Bullseye image from https://www.armbian.com/station-m1/ to check bluetooth support but nothing is displayed on the screen at boot. No video signal come from the Station M1. The TF card used works with other images. Any hints ? Chris

Hi, i have successfully installed my new helios64 and enabled zfs. Everythings works so far, but it seems I'm missing something "important" in regards to ZFS. I did the following tests: I took one of my WD 4TB Plus drives (in slot 3) and formatted the disk with a) ext4 (mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc) b) btrfs (mkfs.btrfs /dev/sdc) and c) zfs (zpool create test /dev/sdc). Based on these 3 formats I did a "dd if=/dev/zero of=test2.bin bs=1GB count=5" to measure write performance and a "dd if=test2.bin of=/dev/null" to get the read performance (all tests were done 3 times, results averaged) The results I got look like this: a) ext4 ...…